lsb_release
Get LSB (Linux Standard Base) and distribution-specific information. tldr-pages
On Linux
Linux
Print all available information
lsb_release --allIdentifyPrint a description (usually the full name) of the operating system
lsb_release --descriptionIdentifyPrint only the operating system name (ID), in short format (omitting the field name)
lsb_release --id --shortIdentifyPrint the release number and codename of the distribution, in short format
lsb_release --release --codename --shortIdentify